Nyuma y’ifatwa ry’Umujyi wa Goma, umujyi munini mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, ku itariki ya 27 Mutarama, abayobozi bo mu Muryango w’Iterambere rya Afurika y’Amajyepfo (SADC) hamwe n’Umuryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAC) bahise bashyira imbaraga mu gushaka igisubizo cy’amahoro kuri iki kibazo.
Ku rundi ruhande, u Bubiligi, u Burundi na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo byakajije ubufatanye bwa gisirikare, byitegura kugaba ibitero bikaze ku nyeshyamba za AFC/M23.
Mu kwezi kwa Gatatu, indege nyinshi za gisirikare zakoze ingendo hagati y’i Buruseli, Kinshasa, na Bujumbura. Zimwe muri zo zatwaraga intumwa za gisirikare, izindi zikajyana ibikoresho bya gisirikare.
Ku itariki ya 21 Werurwe, indege ya Falcon 8X y’Ingabo zirwanira mu Kirere cy’u Bubiligi yahagurutse mu Birindiro bya Gisirikare bya Melsbroeck i Buruseli yerekeza i Bujumbura, itwaye abakozi batatu. Abayobozi bashinzwe iby’indege mu Burundi bahishe uruhushya rwayo rwo kuhagwa kugeza ihageze, kugira ngo ayo makuru atagaragara mu nyandiko zemewe.
Intumwa z’Uburundi zigizwe n’Abasirikare umunani mu gitondo cyo kuwa 22 Werurwe bajyanwe n’indege y’Ububiligi i Buruseli gusa kugeza ubu ntabwo haramenyekana ubutumwa zajyanye i Buruseli.
Iminsi ine mbere yaho, indege y’Ingabo zirwanira mu Kirere z’u Bubiligi yari yageze i Kinshasa, hanyuma yerekeza i Kindu, umurwa mukuru w’Intara ya Maniema, ahoherejwe Ingabo z’Ababiligi zikabakaba 500 zoherejwe hamwe n’indege zitagira abadereva n’ibifaru kugira ngo zifashe Ingabo za DRC kurwanya inyeshyamba za M23.
Ku rundi ruhande hari indege ya Boeing 727 y’Ingabo zirwanira mu Kirere za Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo yari itegerejwe i Bujumbura, ivuye i Kinshasa, hagati ya tariki ya 24 na 25 Werurwe. Biravugwa ko yari itwaye indege zitagira abadereva (drones), kuko Igisirikare cy’u Burundi cyasigaranye ubusa nyuma y’uko drones ebyiri cyari gifite, zagenewe gukusanya amakuru, zirashwe. Izo drones zari ziturutse mu Bushinwa.
Ku itariki ya 24 Werurwe, indi ndege yahagurutse i Kinshasa yerekeza i Bujumbura. Nubwo intumwa za Congo zari ziyirimo zitigeze zitangazwa mbere, ku wa 25 Werurwe, Perezidansi y’u Burundi yemeje kuri X ko Perezida Evariste Ndayishimiye yakiriye Thérèse Kayikwamba, Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga wa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, wari utwaye ubutumwa bwa Perezida Félix Tshisekedi.
Nk’uko bigaragara mu itangazo ryasohowe, Tshisekedi yagaragaje ubushake bwo “gushimangira no kwagura umubano mwiza hagati ya DRC n’u Burundi.” Amakuru yemeza ko ibiganiro hagati ya Kayikwamba na Ndayishimiye byibanze ku kwagura amasezerano y’ubufatanye bwa gisirikare yasinywe muri Kanama 2023, yatumye u Burundi bwohereza abasirikare barenga 15.000 mu burasirazuba bwa Congo kurwanya inyeshyamba za AFC/M23.
Umwe mu bayobozi bashinzwe ubutasi muri Congo yagize ati: “Kuba Ndayishimiye yakiriye amadolari 5.000 ya Amerika kuri buri musirikare we urwanya inyeshyamba za AFC/M23, ndetse akagenerwa n’inyongera ya miliyoni 2 z’amadolari nyuma yo gushyira umukono ku masezerano ya gisirikare, byatumye igisubizo cy’amahoro kitamugirira inyungu.” Yavuze kandi ko Perezida w’u Burundi atigeze ashyigikira igisubizo cya politiki ku kibazo cya DRC.
Biravugwa ko Ndayishimiye yohereje abasirikare benshi n’abarwanyi b’Imbonerakure muri Uvira, agamije gusubiza inyuma inyeshyamba no kubuza ko abasirikare b’u Burundi bagira amahirwe yo gusubira iwabo nyuma yo kuva ku rugamba.
Icyemezo cya Ndayishimiye cyo gukemura ikibazo cya DRC hakoreshejwe ingufu za gisirikare gihuye n’umurongo u Bubiligi na Tshisekedi ubwabo bashyigikiye, nubwo Perezida wa Congo amaze iminsi agaragaza ubushake bwo gukurikiza imyanzuro y’inama za SADC-EAC, zisaba ibiganiro na M23.
Ku wa 24 Werurwe, Minisitiri w’Ingabo wa Congo yatangiye uruzinduko rw’iminsi ine muri Afurika y’Epfo, agamije gushimangira ubufatanye mu bya gisirikare hagati y’ibihugu byombi. Guverinoma ya Afurika y’Epfo yemeje ko uru ruzinduko rugamije gukomeza ubushobozi bw’igisirikare cy’icyo gihugu.
Nibura abasirikare 14 b’Afurika y’Epfo baguye mu mirwano ikomeye yabaye muri Mutarama mu burasirazuba bwa DRC, igatuma Umujyi wa Goma ufatwa. Amakuru avuga ko hari n’abandi basirikare benshi bapfuye ariko batazwi mu buryo bweruye. Aba basirikare bari mu butumwa bwa SADC bwoherejwe mu Kuboza 2023, kugira ngo bafashe ingabo za Congo mu rugamba rwazo, bazifatanyije n’ingabo za MONUSCO, iza Burundi, abacanshuro b’Abanyaburayi, imitwe yitwara gisirikare nka Wazalendo, ndetse na FDLR, umutwe ushinjwa uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.
Nubwo ingabo za Perezida Cyril Ramaphosa zakunze gutsindwa ndetse bamwe muri zo bakisanga mu maboko ya M23 i Goma, uyu muyobozi yagaragaye rimwe avuga ko ashyigikiye igisubizo cya politiki, ariko nyuma y’igihe gito yohereza izindi ngabo muri DRC.
Ku itariki ya 12 Werurwe, Minisitiri w’Imari wa Afurika y’Epfo, Enoch Godongwana, yatangaje ko igihugu cye cyamaze gukoresha miliyari 5 z’Ama-Rand (miliyoni 275$) mu kohereza ingabo mu burasirazuba bwa DRC. Ibi byateye impaka ku ntego y’iyi misiyo, cyane ko SADC yari yatangaje ko ubutumwa bwa SAMIDRC buhagaze, ndetse n’ingabo za Afurika y’Epfo ziba zitakijya mu mirwano.
Chris Hattingh, umwe mu bayobozi bakomeye mu gisirikare cya Afurika y’Epfo, yavuze ko hari amakuru yemeza ko abasirikare b’icyo gihugu bari gukusanyirizwa i Lubumbashi, aho bagera hagati ya 700 na 800. Yagaragaje impungenge ko nta makuru afatika ahari ku bikorwa byabo, kuko komite ishinzwe umutekano mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko itigeze ibyemezwa.
Abayobozi ba EAC, SADC na Qatar bari gusunikira imbere ibiganiro bishobora gutanga igisubizo kirambye kuri iki kibazo. Ku wa 24 Werurwe, Angola yatangaje ko yahisemo kuva mu buhuza bw’intambara ibera mu burasirazuba bwa DRC, kugira ngo yibande ku kuyobora Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe (AU).
Nubwo hagaragajwe ubushake bwo gukemura ibibazo byugarije uburasirazuba bwa DRC, Perezida Tshisekedi akomeje kwemeza ko inyeshyamba za AFC/M23 atari abaturage ba Congo, ahubwo ari “iterabwoba” rishingiye ku bufasha bw’u Rwanda. Ibi abivuga yirengagije umuburo watanzwe n’abayobozi ba Loni n’abandi bakurikiranira hafi ibibera muri aka gace, aho bavuga ko hari itsembabwoko rikorerwa Abanyekongo bavuga ururimi rwa Kinyarwanda, cyane cyane Abatutsi.
Mu gushimangira ibyo yavuze, Ndayishimiye yemeje kuri BBC ko afite “amakuru yizewe” yemeza ko u Rwanda ruteganya gutera u Burundi binyuze muri DRC. Ibi, u Rwanda rwabifashe nk’ibitangaje kandi bibabaje, cyane ko impande zombi zari zigikomeza ibiganiro ku mutekano w’imipaka, wari umaze igihe urinzwe n’abasirikare.
Perezida Ndayishimiye yarenze kuri ibyo avuga ko intambara ishobora gukwira mu karere, ndetse ashimangira ko “niba u Rwanda ruteye Bujumbura ruturutse muri DRC, u Burundi buzatera Kigali binyuze mu Ntara ya Kirundo,” iherereye mu majyaruguru y’igihugu.
Perezida w’u Burundi ntiyagarukiye aho, kuko yanashinje u Rwanda gushyigikira inyeshyamba za AFC/M23 no “kwica abaturage ba Congo.” Yanavuze ko u Rwanda rushyigikira inyeshyamba za RED-Tabara zirwanya ubutegetsi bwe, nubwo uwo mutwe ubihakana.
Uretse kuba ikibazo cya DRC gishobora kuba isoko y’inyungu kuri we, Ndayishimiye asangiye ingengabitekerezo na Tshisekedi, FDLR ndetse n’u Bubiligi, igihugu cyagaragaye kenshi gishyigikira politiki z’amacakubiri mu karere. Byagaragajwe ko iyi mikoranire ishingiye ku buhezanguni buhuriweho bwo kurwanya Abatutsi, mu gihe M23 ari yo yabashije kurinda Abatutsi bo muri Congo kwicwa.
