Mu gihe ikibazo cy’amacumbi gikomeje gufata indi ntera mu gihugu, cyane cyane mu Mujyi wa Kigali, ubuzima ku bantu bakodesha inzu bwagiye burushaho kugorana. Nubwo kubona aho kuba ubwabyo ari ihurizo, iyo umuntu abonye n’inzu ashobora kwigondera, akenshi ntibyamara kabiri. Nyir’inzu ahita amumenyesha ko agiye kongera amafaranga y’ubukode, rimwe na rimwe binyuranyije n’amasezerano cyangwa se nta masezerano na gato.
Ibi bibazo byabaye nk’ibisanzwe, ku buryo inzu imwe yakodeshwaga 100,000 Frw mu 2022, ubu ishobora kuba ikodeshwa 200,000 Frw cyangwa arenzeho. Iri zamuka ry’amafaranga y’ubukode risa n’aho nta murongo ribarizwamo, ritagira umurongo ngenderwaho cyangwa ubuyobozi ribazwa.
Ubushakashatsi bwa karindwi ku mibereho y’ingo muri rusange (EICV7) bwagaragaje ko umubare w’abantu bakodesha inzu wageze kuri 21% mu 2024, uvuye kuri 17% mu myaka yashize. Ibi bivuze ko abaturage benshi batunze n’imiryango yabo mu buryo butajegajega, ariko batagira aho bita iwabo.
Haba Charles, impuguke mu bijyanye n’ubwubatsi no gucunga inyubako akaba n’Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Century Real Estate, asobanura ko ibi byose bishingira ahanini ku ihindagurika ry’ibiciro ku isoko ry’ibikoresho n’ibindi bintu by’ibanze.
Ati: “Mu 2016 igiciro cya lisansi cyari 850 Frw, ubu cyenda kugera ku 2000 Frw. N’ibiribwa byarazamutse. Umuntu utunze inzu ze ni ho akura ubuzima bwe, bityo nawe agerageza guhangana n’iryo zamuka mu biciro.”
Ikindi kibazo cyagiye kigaragara ni uko bamwe muri ba nyir’inzu bahisemo gukodesha mu madolari ya Amerika (USD) aho gukoresha amafaranga y’u Rwanda, bavuga ko ari ukugira ngo birinde igihombo giturutse ku ihindagurika ry’agaciro k’ifaranga. Ibi birushaho guhenda inzu ku baturage basanzwe binjiza amafaranga mu mafaranga y’u Rwanda.
Mu bice nka Rubavu, aho hakunze kwakira abaturage benshi baturutse muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, ibiciro byazamutse cyane nyuma y’uko Abanye-Congo batangiye gukodesha inzu ku mafaranga menshi kandi bakayishyura igihe kirekire.
Umuturage umwe yavuze ati: “Inshuti yanjye yakodeshaga inzu 120,000 Frw, haza Abanye-Congo bavuga ko bazishyura 400,000 Frw, nyir’inzu abwira inshuti yanjye ati: ‘Ese ayo mafaranga wowe uzayampa?’ Byarangiye ayivuyemo.”
Ibi byose bituma abari basanzwe batuye muri izo nzu birukanwa binyuze mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa bigatuma bahura n’ihungabana mu mibereho.
Haba Charles yagaragaje ko n’abakodesha ubwabo hari igihe bagira uruhare mu gukomeza icyo kibazo. Avuga ko hari benshi batagira amasezerano yanditse bagirana na nyir’inzu, cyangwa se n’ayo bafite ntaba arimo ibiteganya uburyo igiciro cy’ubukode cyajya gihindurwa.
Yagize ati: “Amasezerano agomba kuba arimo ingingo ziteganya ko ubukode butazigera buzamurwa mu gihe runaka, nko mu mwaka umwe, cyangwa se ko igiciro kizajya gisuzumwa buri myaka ibiri. Haramutse hari ubwumvikane ko igiciro cyiyongera, nticyagomba kurenza 5% ku mwaka.”
Iyo ayo masezerano atabayeho cyangwa adasobanutse, nyir’inzu agira ubwisanzure bwo kuzamura ubukode uko abyumva, nta burenganzira abazwa.
Haba Charles avuga ko mu gukemura iki kibazo, Guverinoma yagira uruhare runini binyuze mu kubaka inzu zigenewe gukodeshwa ku giciro gito cyangwa abantu bakazazigura nyuma y’imyaka runaka.
“Mu bihugu byinshi batangiye gukoresha uburyo aho umuntu akodesha inzu mu gihe cy’imyaka 10, 15 cyangwa 20, nyuma inzu ikaba iyawe. Ibi bitandukanye n’inguzanyo ya banki kuko umuntu aba yishyura amafaranga make make, yenda ayo yakabaye yishyura ubukode.”
Ubu buryo bwafasha abantu bafite ubushobozi buringaniye gutura ahantu heza kandi batekanye, ndetse binabafasha kwizigamira kuko ntibakomeza gutakaza amafaranga buri kwezi batagira n’icyo basigarana.
Ibibazo by’ubukode byabaye nk’ikirura kiri mu kiraro: bigaragara hose kandi bikomeje gukomera. Kwirengagiza iki kibazo ni ukwemera ko igice kinini cy’abaturage gikomeza kubaho mu buzima bwo kudatekana. Gukemura iki kibazo bisaba ubufatanye bwa Leta, abafite inzu n’abakodesha, haba mu gukora amasezerano asobanutse, gushyiraho amategeko agenga ubukode, ndetse no gushora imari mu nzu ziciriritse zifasha abaturage benshi kubona aho kuba ku giciro kiboroheye.
Iyo habayeho politiki nziza y’imiturire, nta mpamvu abaturage bakomeza guhekenya amenyo buri kwezi kubera amafaranga y’ubukode.
