Itabi ni kimwe mu bicuruzwa byinjiza amafaranga menshi ku isi no mu Rwanda. Ariko ni na kimwe mu byica abantu benshi buri mwaka. Ubu bushakashatsi buragaragaza ukuntu itabi rifite uruhare mu kwangiza ubuzima, uburyo rigira abantu imbata, impamvu ricuruzwa nubwo rizwiho ububi bwarwo, ndetse n’uruhare inganda zikora itabi zigira mu kuri kwirakwiza bazi ko ryica buhoro buhoro.
1. Impamvu itabi ari ribi ku buzima
Ubushakashatsi bw’ Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO) bugaragaza ko buri mwaka, abantu barenga miliyoni 8 bapfa bazize ingaruka z’itabi. Muri aba, abarenga miliyoni 1 ni abahumeka umwuka w’itabi bataryinywa (secondhand smoke).
Itabi ririmo ibintu birenga 7,000 bigira ingaruka mbi ku mubiri. Bimwe muri byo ni:
- Nikotine: ituma umuntu ahinduka imbata (addicted).
- Tar: ikangiza ibihaha
- Carbon monoxide: igabanya umwuka mwiza ugera mu maraso
Ibi bitera indwara nka cancer y’ibihaha, umutima, stroke, asima, ndetse n’ibibazo byo mu mihumekere.
2. Uburyo itabi rigira abantu imbata
Nikotine iboneka mu itabi ni yo ntandaro y’ihinduka ry’abantu imbata. Iyo umuntu atangiye kurinywa, nikotine ikora ku bwonko bigatuma yumva atuje, ariko iyo irangiye, agira irari ryo kongera kuyihabwa. Buri sigara imwe irimo hagati ya 8-20mg za nikotine.
Ubushakashatsi bwa CDC bwerekana ko nikotine ishobora gutuma umuntu agira addiction kurusha cocaine cyangwa heroin. Abenshi batangira kunywa itabi mu bwangavu, abandi babiterwa n’inshuti, stress, cyangwa kwamamazwa.
3. Kuki itabi ryemewe gucuruzwa n’ubwo ririmo ingaruka ziremereye?
Iki ni ikibazo gikomeye kandi gitera impaka. Dore zimwe mu mpamvu zituma itabi rikomeza kugurishwa:
- Inyungu z’ubukungu: Leta zinjiza amafaranga menshi mu misoro y’itabi. Mu Rwanda, RRA yagaragaje ko mu 2022 hinjiye miliyari zisaga 60 Frw zituruka ku itabi.
- Ubwigenge bw’umuntu: Mu bihugu byinshi, umuntu afite uburenganzira bwo guhitamo ibyo anywa n’ibyo yirinda.
- Inganda zikomeye zibyungukiramo: Hari kompanyi zikomeye (Philip Morris, British American Tobacco, Imperial Brands…) zifite inyungu nyinshi mu kugurisha itabi, zifite imbaraga mu mategeko no mu kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa byazo.
- Gushyiraho amategeko arengera abakiriya aho guhagarika burundu: Bimwe mu bihugu birarugenza ntibirubuza burundu, ahubwo bisaba ko habaho ahantu hihariye horohereza urinywa n’urutarinywa.
4. Uruhare rw’inganda zikora itabi: Gushaka ko abantu barinywa
Inganda zikora itabi zikoresha uburyo bwinshi mu gushora abantu kurinywa:
- Kwamamaza bigaragara nk’ibigezweho: Mu mashusho n’amafilimi usanga itabi ryerekwa nk’ikimenyetso cy’ubwigenge, ubutwari cyangwa uburere.
- Kugabanyiriza ibiciro urubyiruko: Benshi batangira kubera ko zicuruza mu buryo buhendutse.
- Gukoresha amahitamo mashya: E-cigarettes, vape n’ibindi bituma urubyiruko rubona bitandukanye n’itabi risanzwe.
- Gutera inkunga ibikorwa: Zitera inkunga ibirori, imikino, n’ubundi buryo bw’uruhame, bigatuma abantu babifata nk’ibisanzwe.
Hari ibimenyetso byinshi ko izo nganda zikoresha ubushakashatsi bubogamye, zikanga ko hakorwa amategeko akarishye, cyangwa zigatanga ruswa mu bihugu bitandukanye.
5. Abahuye n’ingaruka z’itabi: Ubugira gatatu buvuga ibyabaye
Marie U., 41, utuye mu Mujyi wa Kigali, avuga ati:
“Nanywaga itabi kuva mfite imyaka 19. Nari narabaye imbata. Ariko ubu mfite cancer y’ibihaha, nubwo ntari narigeze ntekereza ko byangwira.”
Dr. Murekatete Clarisse, umuganga muri CHUK, asobanura ati:
“Tujya kwakira abarwayi bafite ibibazo bikomeye by’ubuhumekero. Abenshi baba baranywaga itabi cyangwa babaye hafi y’abarinywaga.”
Imbonerahamwe y’imibare ijyanye n’itabi
1. Abantu bahitanwa n’itabi buri mwaka ku Isi (WHO)
2. Uko abantu banywa itabi mu Rwanda (RBC, DHS 2021)
3. Imisoro y’itabi yinjiye muri Leta y’u Rwanda (RRA)
Itabi ni ikintu gifite uruhare runini mu gutuma abantu bagira uburwayi bukomeye, ariko rigakomeza kugurishwa kubera inyungu z’ubukungu n’igitutu cy’inganda. Birasaba ko abantu babona amakuru nyayo, bagafata ibyemezo by’ubuzima bwabo babifitiye ubumenyi. Abashinzwe ubuzima bagomba kurushaho kurwanya uko rigera ku rubyiruko, no gushyiraho ingamba zo kurikumira.
Source: Umusarenews.com
